mortality/aging
• mice delivered by Caesarian and subjected to starvation conditions die unlike wild-type mice
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• mice die within 1 day after birth
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cellular
• nutrient-deprived mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit a reduced rate of autophagosome-like structure formation and decreased average size of structures compared with wild-type cells
• nutrient-deprived MEFs exhibit reduced protein degradation and fail to form autolysosomes compared wild-type cells
• nutrient-deprived MEFs exhibit impaired closing step of autophagosome formation with aberrant membranous structures compared with wild-type cells
• nutrient-deprived hepatocytes contain aberrant membranous complexes resembling autophagosomes
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growth/size/body
homeostasis/metabolism
• nutrient-deprived mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit a reduced rate of autophagosome-like structure formation and decreased average size of structures compared with wild-type cells
• nutrient-deprived MEFs exhibit reduced protein degradation and fail to form autolysosomes compared wild-type cells
• nutrient-deprived MEFs exhibit impaired closing step of autophagosome formation with aberrant membranous structures compared with wild-type cells
• nutrient-deprived hepatocytes contain aberrant membranous complexes resembling autophagosomes
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• decreased total, essential and branched chain amino acids levels in the sera of mice 10 hours after delivery by Caesarian
• however, levels at delivery are normal
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