cellular
• sperm bent into a hairpin-like structure
• bend located between the middle and principal pieces
• annulus not attached to the mitochondrial sheath which is shortened
• mitochondria are disorganized
• shape change occures as the sperm pass from the testis to the cauda of the epididymis
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• annulus not attached to the mitochondrial sheath which is shortened
|
• mitochondria are disorganized
|
• mitochondrial sheath is shortened
|
• flagellum is bent between the middle and principal piece
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• 90% of sperm with impaired movement
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reproductive system
• sperm bent into a hairpin-like structure
• bend located between the middle and principal pieces
• annulus not attached to the mitochondrial sheath which is shortened
• mitochondria are disorganized
• shape change occures as the sperm pass from the testis to the cauda of the epididymis
|
• annulus not attached to the mitochondrial sheath which is shortened
|
• mitochondria are disorganized
|
• mitochondrial sheath is shortened
|
• flagellum is bent between the middle and principal piece
|
• 90% of sperm with impaired movement
|
• modestly reduced
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• males are subfertile
• much smaller litters are produced
• reduction in production of pregnancies
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• modestly reduced
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