cardiovascular system
• in culture, adenovirus-cre-infected ventricular cardiomyocytes show reduced expression of cardiomyocyte differentiation markers (Nkx2.5, dystrophin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin) and disorganized cytoskeletal networks relative to control cardiomyocytes
• dystrophin is barely detectable, unlike in control cardiomyocytes where dystrophin is present in the membrane and cytosol with a stripe-like pattern
• no striated pattern of F-actin fibers and alpha-SMA distribution is observed and tropomyosin localization appears scattered
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• in culture, adenovirus-cre-infected ventricular cardiomyocytes show a significantly decreased spontaneous beating rate (only 44% of control cardiomyocytes), indicating impaired cardiac muscle contractile function
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• at 48 hr after adenoviral-cre infection, cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from E14.5 embryos show induction of cleaved caspase-7/Bax proteins and a 11-fold increase in TUNEL-positive rates relative to controls
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• at 48 hr after adenoviral-cre infection, cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from E14.5 embryos show a significant reduction in BrdU incorporation (19% of controls), suggesting decreased DNA synthesis
• at 48 hr after adenoviral-cre infection, cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from E14.5 embryos show a significant reduction in phosphohistone H3 expression (23% of controls), suggesting decreased mitotic activity
• an MTT-based toxicology assay revealed that cultured adenovirus-cre-infected cardiomyocytes show maximum proliferation on day 2 and significantly decreased proliferation thereafter
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muscle
• at 48 hr after adenoviral-cre infection, cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from E14.5 embryos show induction of cleaved caspase-7/Bax proteins and a 11-fold increase in TUNEL-positive rates relative to controls
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• at 48 hr after adenoviral-cre infection, cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from E14.5 embryos show a significant reduction in BrdU incorporation (19% of controls), suggesting decreased DNA synthesis
• at 48 hr after adenoviral-cre infection, cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from E14.5 embryos show a significant reduction in phosphohistone H3 expression (23% of controls), suggesting decreased mitotic activity
• an MTT-based toxicology assay revealed that cultured adenovirus-cre-infected cardiomyocytes show maximum proliferation on day 2 and significantly decreased proliferation thereafter
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cellular
• at 48 hr after adenoviral-cre infection, cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from E14.5 embryos show induction of cleaved caspase-7/Bax proteins and a 11-fold increase in TUNEL-positive rates relative to controls
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• at 48 hr after adenoviral-cre infection, cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from E14.5 embryos show a significant reduction in BrdU incorporation (19% of controls), suggesting decreased DNA synthesis
• at 48 hr after adenoviral-cre infection, cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from E14.5 embryos show a significant reduction in phosphohistone H3 expression (23% of controls), suggesting decreased mitotic activity
• an MTT-based toxicology assay revealed that cultured adenovirus-cre-infected cardiomyocytes show maximum proliferation on day 2 and significantly decreased proliferation thereafter
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• at 48 hr after adenoviral-cre infection, cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from E14.5 embryos show a reduction of cell cycle progression relative to controls
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• in culture, adenovirus-cre-infected ventricular cardiomyocytes show decreased expression of CDK inhibitors and increased expression of D-type cyclins, indicating a disruption of the G1/S checkpoint
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