behavior/neurological
N |
• homozygotes show no differences in water or food intake relative to wild-type controls
|
• in a novel object recognition task, adult homozygotes show no preference for the novel object 4 hours after the training session, unlike wild-type controls
|
• in the elevated plus maze task, adult homozygotes spend significantly more time in the open arms and less time in the closed arms relative to wild-type controls
• however, no deficit in depth perception is observed in a visual cliff test, indicating normal ability to visually determine the difference between open and closed arms of the maze
|
• in a balance task involving three beams of increasing difficulty, adult homozygotes show significantly more foot slips on all beam widths relative to wild-type or heterozygous controls
|
• adult homozygotes fall after ~30 seconds on the rotarod, unlike wild-type or heterozygous controls which fall after 1.5 to 2 minutes, respectively
|
• at 3-4 months of age, adult homozygotes show impaired forelimb grip strength but not hindlimb grip strength
|
• in a voluntary running wheel, adult homozygotes run significantly less total time and at a significantly slower velocity than wild-type controls
• however, no difference in spontaneous movement is observed in the open field task
|
• homozygotes make a significantly lower quality nest relative to wild-type or heterozygous controls, leaving the nestlet largely untouched
|
growth/size/body
• at weaning (3-4 weeks of age), homozygotes are smaller than wild-type controls
|
• homozygotes have normal birth weight but show significantly lower body weight from approximately 4 to 9 weeks of age
• however, differences in body weight are no longer significant by week 10
|
adipose tissue
• at 12 weeks of age, homozygotes exhibit an increased percentage of fat mass relative to wild-type controls
• no significant differences are noted in total weight and lean mass
|
homeostasis/metabolism
N |
• homozygotes display no differences in the respiratory exchange ratio relative to wild-type controls
|