Analysis Tools
cardiovascular system
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• increased titin-based passive force in cardiac myocytes resulting in increased LV chamber stiffness during diastole
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• increased cross-sectional area of LV cardiac myocytes
• however, cell length is unaffected
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• increased left atrium weight to body weight ratio
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• increased diastolic stiffness at the left ventricular chamber level; the diastolic stiffness parameter beta is increased, the deceleration time of the E wave is decreased, and the weight of the left atrium is increased
• however, no differences in heart rate or any systolic parameters are observed relative to wild-type controls
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• mild concentric LV hypertrophy
• however, no hypertrophy is seen in skeletal muscle
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• increased LV wall thickness
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muscle
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• increased titin-based passive force in cardiac myocytes resulting in increased LV chamber stiffness during diastole
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• increased cross-sectional area of LV cardiac myocytes
• however, cell length is unaffected
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• mild concentric LV hypertrophy
• however, no hypertrophy is seen in skeletal muscle
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• the C-terminal attachment point of titin's spring region moves away from the Z disk; as a result, a given sarcomere stretch increases the extension of titin's spring region to a higher degree than in wild-type mice
• however, thick filament length is normal, as determined by A-band width measurements
• A bands appear unaltered with normal M band and bare zones
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behavior/neurological
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• free-wheel exercise running studies revealed that both average nightly running distance and average running speed are reduced whereas running time remains unaffected
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• free-wheel exercise running studies revealed that both average nightly running distance and average running speed are reduced whereas running time remains unaffected
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growth/size/body
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• mild concentric LV hypertrophy
• however, no hypertrophy is seen in skeletal muscle
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