growth/size/body
• by 3 weeks of age, mice exhibit mild growth retardation
|
skeleton
• osteoclast precursors cultured in vitro show impaired extracellular acidification capacity, have impaired endocytosis, and only form rudimentary ruffled borders
|
• 9 week old bones show a 30% increase in bone mineral density
|
• smaller bone volume/tissue volume ratio
|
• long bones exhibit marrow cavities filled with unresorbed bone and presence of mineralized trabeculae within the bone marrow space, however trabeculae are not covered by thick layers of unmineralized osteoid
• however, a moth-eaten bone appearance is not seen, osteoid volume per bone volume is normal, and mice are not rachitic
|
• growth plate thickness is smaller
|
craniofacial
hematopoietic system
• osteoclast precursors cultured in vitro show impaired extracellular acidification capacity, have impaired endocytosis, and only form rudimentary ruffled borders
|
immune system
• osteoclast precursors cultured in vitro show impaired extracellular acidification capacity, have impaired endocytosis, and only form rudimentary ruffled borders
|
digestive/alimentary system
N |
• mice show normal gastric pH, serum calcium levels and parathyroid hormone levels
|