mortality/aging
• 50% of mice die by 170 days after 3 tamoxifen injections at 6-8 weeks of age
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cellular
N |
• all phenotypes detected after cre induction in MEFs
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• a 1.7-fold increase in multiple telomeric signals (MTS, fragile telomeres); however, telomere length is not affected
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• 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT) treated MEFs are hypersensitive to hydroxyurea and aphidicolin, showing decreased colony forming after exposure
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• defect in S-phase progression
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• decreased survival of following exposure to hydroxyurea or aphicicolin
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• decreased survival 48h after UV exposure
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• cells stopped proliferation 4 days after cre induction
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• a higher percentage of 4-HT treated MEFs show increased staining at early passages for the senescence marker SA-beta-galactosidase which correlates with induction of p21 expression suggesting premature entry into cellular senescence/cell cycle arrest
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• MEFs exposed to UV following 4-HT treatment exhibit a reduction in the efficiency of UV repair by the nucleotide excision repair pathway, showing delayed removal of UV-induced photo lesions and decreased cellular survival 48 hours after UV exposure
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• reduced efficiency of repair of ionizing radiation-induced double-stranded breaks, UV-induced photo lesions and dysfunctional telomeres
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• 4-HT treated MEFs exhibit defects in ssDNA formation and telomere replication
• 4-HT treated MEFs exhibit a 1.7-fold increase in the number of multiple telomere signals, indicating defects in telomere replication
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growth/size/body
• mice injected with tamoxifen at 6-8 weeks of age exhibit reduced body weight
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homeostasis/metabolism
• MEFs exposed to UV following 4-HT treatment exhibit a reduction in the efficiency of UV repair by the nucleotide excision repair pathway, showing delayed removal of UV-induced photo lesions and decreased cellular survival 48 hours after UV exposure
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• reduced efficiency of repair of ionizing radiation-induced double-stranded breaks, UV-induced photo lesions and dysfunctional telomeres
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• 4-HT treated MEFs exhibit defects in ssDNA formation and telomere replication
• 4-HT treated MEFs exhibit a 1.7-fold increase in the number of multiple telomere signals, indicating defects in telomere replication
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• reduced efficiency of repair of ionizing radiation-induced double-stranded breaks
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neoplasm