mortality/aging
N |
• most mice have a normal lifespan
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cardiovascular system
• hearts are frequently enlarged with thickened ventricles
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• thickened ventricles
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• aortic valves have myxomatous characteristics, with extensive proteoglycan-rich material throughout the valve and intermittent and dispersed collagen deposits rather than the typical enrichment of collagen along the atrial side of the cusps
• aortic valves show presence of irregular chondrocyte-like cells with large nuclei and scattered small-nucleated cells, especially at the lateral edges of the cusps where they contact neighboring muscle
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• 9 of 26 mice have a bicuspid aortic valve
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• adults frequently (21 of 26) have thickened aortic valve cusps
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• pulmonic valves are thickened
• however, the mitral valve is normal
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• mice exhibit aortic valve disease with thickened, misorganized and myxomatous cusps, bicuspid arrangement formation usually arising from left coronary cusp-non-coronary cusp fusion, without calcification
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muscle
• mice exhibit aortic valve disease with thickened, misorganized and myxomatous cusps, bicuspid arrangement formation usually arising from left coronary cusp-non-coronary cusp fusion, without calcification
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growth/size/body
• hearts are frequently enlarged with thickened ventricles
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