cardiovascular system
adipose tissue
• reduced adipocyte volume
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• ratio of epididymal fat pad weight to body weight is reduced
• adipocyte number is not decreased, however, adipocyte size and lipid content is reduced
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muscle
hematopoietic system
• numbers of inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (M1) are decreased, although total number is similar to control
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• numbers of non-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophage (M2) are increased, although total number is similar to controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
• reduced HOMA-IR
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• decreased cholesterol level in white adipose tissue and heart
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• reduced plasma total cholesterol
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• increased cholesterol level in skeletal muscle
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• decreased triglyceride level in white adipose tissue
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• reduced plasma triglyceride at 12-13 weeks, but not 8 weeks
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immune system
• numbers of inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (M1) are decreased, although total number is similar to control
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• numbers of non-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophage (M2) are increased, although total number is similar to controls
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liver/biliary system