Analysis Tools
growth/size/body
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• at 18 weeks of age, male mice fed a chow diet show a ~50% decrease in fat mass relative to wild-type controls
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• at 18 weeks of age, male mice fed a chow diet show a ~15% increase in whole body lean mass relative to wild-type controls
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• at 6 weeks of age, male but not female mice fed a chow diet show significantly decreased body weight relative to wild-type controls
• however, body length is normal
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• male mice placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 22 weeks are obviously leaner and resistant to weight gain relative to similarly treated wild-type controls
• resistance to weight gain is first noted at ~12 weeks of HFD feeding and persists until 22 weeks
• however, no difference in weight gain is observed on a chow diet
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adipose tissue
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• significant decrease in visceral fat weight in male mice fed a HFD
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• at 18 weeks of age, male mice fed a chow diet show a ~50% decrease in fat mass relative to wild-type controls
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• decrease in the average area of individual white adipocytes in mice fed a HFD
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• significant decrease in fat pad weight in male mice fed a HFD
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• significant decrease in WAT weight in male mice fed a HFD
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• significant increase in heat production in male mice after 14 weeks of HFD conditions
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• significantly increased expression levels of key thermogenic (brown fat) genes and oxidation genes in WAT of mice fed a HFD and housed at for 8 h at 4 degrees Celsius, suggesting "browning" of white adipose tissues
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• male mice placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 22 weeks are obviously leaner and resistant to weight gain relative to similarly treated wild-type controls
• resistance to weight gain is first noted at ~12 weeks of HFD feeding and persists until 22 weeks
• however, no difference in weight gain is observed on a chow diet
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• abdominal and rectal temperature is increased by 0.8 and 0.7 degrees Celsius, respectively, in chow-fed male mice housed for 30 h at 4 degrees Celsius, indicating enhanced cold tolerance
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• ~20% increase in oxygen consumption during the dark cycle in male mice fed chow or a HFD
• however, no significant differences are observed in physical activity or food intake
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• decreased respiratory quotient in male mice fed a chow diet, consistent with enhanced lipolysis and fat metabolism
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• increased glucose tolerance in male mice fed a HFD
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• lower levels of hyperglycemia in response to insulin load in male mice fed a HFD, suggesting increased insulin tolerance
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• 60% decrease in liver triglyceride levels in male mice fed a chow diet
• ~80% decrease in liver triglyceride levels in male mice fed a HFD
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• significant increase in triglyceride hydrolase activity in visceral fat extracts from male mice fed a chow diet (~2-fold) or a HFD (>2.5-fold)
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• increased adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein levels in visceral lysates from male mice under both chow and HFD conditions
• increased basal and isoprenaline-stimulated in vitro lipolysis of differentiated adipocytes, as measured by glycerol release and NEFA levels
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liver/biliary system
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• 60% decrease in liver triglyceride levels in male mice fed a chow diet
• ~80% decrease in liver triglyceride levels in male mice fed a HFD
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• significant decrease in liver weight in male mice fed a HFD
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• no fat deposition in the form of lipid droplets in the liver of male mice fed a HFD, unlike in wild-type controls
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