nervous system
• at P14, no cilia are detected on brain ependymal cells
|
• only a small number of cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) are BrdU+ at P1 and the number is even lower at P7 and P14, indicating reduced GNP proliferation
• however, no significant apoptosis is detected in mutant or wild-type GNPs, as shown by TUNEL analysis
|
• cerebellum is developmentally arrested at birth and shows a complete lack of foliation
• only a small number of cerebellar GNPs is detected at P7 and P14
• GNP number in EGL (external germinal layer) and IGL (inner granule layer) is slightly lower at P1, further reduced at P7, and barely detectable at P14
• at P14, cilia do not develop on cerebellar GNPs
• however, the Purkinje cell layer is present
|
• at P14, the cerebellum lacks its typical foliation pattern
• complete lack of foliation is noted at P7 and P14
|
• at P1, the EGL is very thin relative to that in wild-type controls
|
hydrocephaly
(
J:220629
)
• although newborns appear overtly normal, mice develop hydrocephalus by P7
• hydrocephalus becomes severe by P14 and is most likely due to loss of motile cilia on brain ependymal cells
|
• at P14, slightly fewer cilia are formed in the choroid plexus relative to wild-type controls, as determined by immunostaining for both acetylated tubulin and Arl13b (cilia markers)
|
• at P14, brain ventricles are severely dilated
|
• at P14, the cerebral cortex is markedly larger than normal due to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid
|
• at P14, the cerebellum is significantly smaller than normal
|
• at P14, mice exhibit severe cerebellar hypoplasia due to failed centriole duplication and maturation and ciliogenesis
|
cellular
• very few centrioles are present in cerebellar GNPs relative to wild-type controls; remaining single centrioles are daughter centrioles, based on negative Odf2 and 2700049A03Rik (Ta3) staining
|
• at P14, no cilia are detected on cerebellar GNPs, unlike in wild-type controls
|
• at P14, no cilia are detected on brain ependymal cells
|
• only a small number of cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) are BrdU+ at P1 and the number is even lower at P7 and P14, indicating reduced GNP proliferation
• however, no significant apoptosis is detected in mutant or wild-type GNPs, as shown by TUNEL analysis
|
growth/size/body
• mice fail to grow
|
behavior/neurological
• mice lose motor balance and coordination by P14
|