mortality/aging
skeleton
• E16.5 embryos exhibit a range of skeletal abnormalities
|
• boundaries of the carpals are poorly defined in moderately affected mutants
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• carpal fusions are seen in severely affected mutants
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• phalanges are irregularly shaped in moderately and severely affected mutants
|
• metacarpals are irregularly shaped in moderately and severely affected mutants
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• long bones have narrow diaphysis and proportionally wider epiphyses
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• long bones have narrow diaphysis and proportionally wider epiphyses
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• moderately affected mutants exhibit lumbar vertebrae with flattened mineralized vertebral bodies and an abnormal pattern of mineralization
• lumbar vertebrae from severely affected mutants show extreme vertebral abnormalities
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• moderately affected mutants exhibit a narrower proliferative zone with a widened reserve zone and less well-defined boundaries between the different zones of the growth plate
• severely affected mutants exhibit a highly disorganized growth plate with more pronounced widening of the reserve zone, lack of an organized proliferative zone, and a narrow hypertrophic zone, with poorly defined margins between each zone
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• moderately affected mutants exhibit a narrower proliferative zone
• severely affected mutants lack an organized proliferative zone
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• severely affected mutants exhibit a narrow hypertrophic zone
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• spines of most mice have an abnormal pattern of mineralization with merging of the ossified regions of the central core and lateral processes
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• severely affected mutants show complete absence of mineralization of the long bones
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• most severely affected mice show an almost complete lack of mineralization of all endochondral bones
• the most severely affected mice show a complete lack of ossification of the vertebral bodies but a small amount of ectopic ossification in a portion of the lumbar spine
• however, membranous bones ossify normally
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craniofacial
short snout
(
J:233234
)
growth/size/body
short snout
(
J:233234
)
homeostasis/metabolism
• most severely affected embryos appear hydropic
|
limbs/digits/tail
• boundaries of the carpals are poorly defined in moderately affected mutants
|
• carpal fusions are seen in severely affected mutants
|
• phalanges are irregularly shaped in moderately and severely affected mutants
|
• metacarpals are irregularly shaped in moderately and severely affected mutants
|
short limbs
(
J:233234
)
short tail
(
J:233234
)