Analysis Tools
cardiovascular system
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• no spontaneous atrial arrhythmias are observed in female or male mice
• most hemodynamic parameters are largely unaffected in both sexes
• ventricular septal cardiomyocyte from sexually mature females show no changes in mean Kv current density (peak or sustained), consistent with the relatively low expression of Kcne4 in the female mouse heart
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• females exhibit a higher mean minimum rate of pressure change (min dP/dt) in the left ventricle than wild-type females
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• corrected QT interval (QTc), a measure of the time for ventricular repolarization, is normal at 4 months but increased by 24% at 12 months and by 55% at 17 months of age in male mice
• unexpectedly, QTc is normal at 4 and 12 months but increased by 47% at 17 months of age in postmenopausal female mice, when 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels rise
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• ventricular septal cardiomyocyte K+ currents from 10-month-old sexually mature adult males show a 25% reduction in peak (but not sustained) voltage-gated potassium (Kv) current density to match that of sexually mature females, thus eliminating the sex-specific Kv current disparity
• mean amplitude of the fast transient outward current (Ito,f) and the slowly activating K+ current IK,slow1 is reduced in ventricular septal cardiomyocytes from sexually mature adult males
• Kv current density is also reduced by >45% at +40 mV in adult male atrial cardiomyocytes, with a >50% reduction in the mean amplitude of Ito,f at +40 mV
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muscle
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• females exhibit a higher mean minimum rate of pressure change (min dP/dt) in the left ventricle than wild-type females
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