mortality/aging
• homozygotes die between E10.5 and E11.5
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growth/size/body
• E10.5 embryos appear developmentally retarded
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embryo
• neural crest cells fail to enter the second pharyngeal arch
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• second pharyngeal arches are completely absent at E9.5
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• homozygotes exhibit multiple defects in embryonic development
• however, yolk sac vasculature, chorioallantoic fusion, and mesoderm formation appear normal
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• homozygotes exhibit posterior truncations
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• homozygotes fail to develop past E9.5
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• E10.5 embryos appear developmentally retarded
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• although somites are formed at E9.5, they appear small and irregular
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craniofacial
• second pharyngeal arches are completely absent at E9.5
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integument
cellular
• neural crest cells fail to enter the second pharyngeal arch
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