reproductive system
• bulge in proximal flagellum
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• axonemal loop in 93% of sperm
• surplus cytoplasm in axonemal loop
• bulge in 6% of sperm
• ectopic fibrous sheath close to sperm head and reduced sheath in principal piece in 80% of sperm
• accumulation of mitochondria near axonemal link
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• dislocated in 75% of sperm
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• in 12% of sperm
|
• reduced
• abnormal (twitching or local circular movement)
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• inefficient binding to eggs and barely moving eggs in vitro
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• fewer sperm
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• left vaginal plugs in timed matings but produced no offspring
• continuous matings (3-5 months) yielded no offspring
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cellular
• sperm isolated from cauda epididymis
|
• bulge in proximal flagellum
|
• axonemal loop in 93% of sperm
• surplus cytoplasm in axonemal loop
• bulge in 6% of sperm
• ectopic fibrous sheath close to sperm head and reduced sheath in principal piece in 80% of sperm
• accumulation of mitochondria near axonemal link
|
• dislocated in 75% of sperm
|
• in 12% of sperm
|
• reduced
• abnormal (twitching or local circular movement)
|
• inefficient binding to eggs and barely moving eggs in vitro
|