mortality/aging
• born at Mendelian frequencies but fail to survive the perinatal transition
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• hypoketotic with an approximately 3.5 fold decrease in serum ketones
|
• serum lactate levels are over 5mM
|
• decreased glucose levels in the liver
|
hypoglycemia
(
J:277086
)
• median blood glucose of 47 mg/dl compared to 77 mg/dl in controls
• however, insulin levels are unchanged from controls
|
liver/biliary system
• decreased glucose levels and increased pyruvate and lactate levels
• increase in levels of amino acids whose catabolism occurs in mitochondria
|
• smaller
|
cardiovascular system
• increase in levels of amino acids whose catabolism occurs in mitochondria
|
• smaller
|
cellular
• smaller
|
• smaller
|
• decreased citrate synthase activity and reduced coenzyme Q levels
• differences are not seen when normalized to total mitochondrial protein content
|
• expression analysis in the heart and liver indicate defects in mitochondrial biogenesis
|
growth/size/body
muscle
• smaller
|