homeostasis/metabolism
• plasma creatinine level is increased by about 1.8-fold in males and 1.2-fold in females at 6 months of age
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• in 6 month old mice, the large excretion of dilute urine causes plasma osmolality to rise
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• plasma urea levels are about 2-fold greater than in controls at 8 weeks of age and about 2.5-fold greater at 6 months
• however, plasma uric acid levels and sodium and potassium concentrations are normal
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• 6 month old mice exhibit increased plasma corrected calcium concentrations
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• urinary calcium excretion is elevated by about 1.8-fold in 8 week old mice and by about 1.8-fold in females and 1.5-fold in males at 6 months of age
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• urine is more dilute with an approximate 2-4-fold decreased urine osmolality
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• urinary pH is reduced in 8 week old mice, with a 1.5-fold and 2.5-fold increases in urinary H+ ion concentrations in males and females, respectively
• urinary pH is also reduced in 6 month old mice
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• 6 month old mice excrete less uromodulin than 8 week old mice
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• 24 hour uric acid excretion is decreased in 6 month old mice by up to 4.8-fold
• 24 hour uric acid excretion is also decreased by about 1.6-fold in 8 week old males
• 6 month old mice exhibit reduced fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA)
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• 6 month old mice exhibit increased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity
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immune system
• kidneys show small areas of interstitial infiltrates, consisting of T-cells and macrophages, at 8 weeks of age
• kidneys have multiple, large areas of interstitial infiltrates, mainly in the medullary region, at 6 months of age
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renal/urinary system
• urinary calcium excretion is elevated by about 1.8-fold in 8 week old mice and by about 1.8-fold in females and 1.5-fold in males at 6 months of age
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• urine is more dilute with an approximate 2-4-fold decreased urine osmolality
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• urinary pH is reduced in 8 week old mice, with a 1.5-fold and 2.5-fold increases in urinary H+ ion concentrations in males and females, respectively
• urinary pH is also reduced in 6 month old mice
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• 6 month old mice excrete less uromodulin than 8 week old mice
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• 24 hour uric acid excretion is decreased in 6 month old mice by up to 4.8-fold
• 24 hour uric acid excretion is also decreased by about 1.6-fold in 8 week old males
• 6 month old mice exhibit reduced fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA)
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• kidneys show small areas of interstitial infiltrates, consisting of T-cells and macrophages, at 8 weeks of age
• kidneys have multiple, large areas of interstitial infiltrates, mainly in the medullary region, at 6 months of age
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• some glomeruli show increased fibrotic material at 6 months, indicative of glomerulosclerosis
• however, no kidney cysts are seen
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• 8 week old kidneys show some intracellular fibrous deposits
• 6 month old kidneys have large areas of fibrosis, with some renal tubules detaching form the basement membrane
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• some renal tubules detach from the basement membrane due to large areas of fibrosis at 6 months
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• mice excrete approximately 2-4-fold increased volumes of urine, corrected for body weight
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