reproductive system
N |
• sperm count in cauda epididymis and sperm morphology
• testis and epididymis weights and testis morphology
• sperm flagella beating ability
• sperm binding to zona pellucida of cumulus-free eggs
• sperm ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential
• tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins and phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) exposure on sperm head
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• significantly reduced VAP (average path velocity), VSL (straight-line velocity) and VCL (curvilinear velocity) of cauda epididymis sperm in TYH medium
• ~50% reduction in number of cauda epididymis sperm moving in straight line in TYH medium after capacitation
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• significantly reduced VSL (straight-line velocity) of cauda epididymis sperm in TYH medium
• reduced number of cauda epididymis sperm moving in straight line after 2 hours in TYH medium (compared to 10 minutes)
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• yield around half of pups (compared to wild-type males) when mated to wild-type females
• fewer than 25% cumulus-intact eggs from super-ovulated B6D2F1 mice were fertilized by capacitated homozygous mutant sperm (vs 90% with heterozygous mutant sperm) in vitro
• failure of sperm to fertilize hyaluronidase-treated cumulus-free eggs in vitro; sperm can fertilize collagenase-treated zona-free eggs
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homeostasis/metabolism
N |
• serum creatine kinase level
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muscle
N |
• no muscle phenotype
• forced-running test performance
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behavior/neurological
N |
• forced-running test performance
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cellular
• significantly reduced VAP (average path velocity), VSL (straight-line velocity) and VCL (curvilinear velocity) of cauda epididymis sperm in TYH medium
• ~50% reduction in number of cauda epididymis sperm moving in straight line in TYH medium after capacitation
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• significantly reduced VSL (straight-line velocity) of cauda epididymis sperm in TYH medium
• reduced number of cauda epididymis sperm moving in straight line after 2 hours in TYH medium (compared to 10 minutes)
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