immune system
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• primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) infected by S. aureus or by K. pneumoniae show normal mRNA expression of Tnf (tumor necrosis factor) and Ifnb1 (interferon beta 1, fibroblast) relative to similarly infected wild-type BMDMs, indicating a normal response to bacterial infection
• lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BMDMs show normal induction of Tnf and Ifnb1 mRNA relative to similarly treated wild-type BMDMs
• after s.c. injection of LPS, mice show a marked induction of Tnf mRNA levels in the draining lymph nodes, similar to that in LPS-injected wild-type controls
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• primary BMDMs and fibroblasts transfected with 8 ug/mL of interferon stimulatory DNA (ISD) or cGAMP (the activating ligand of STING1) show significantly lower Ifnb1 mRNA levels than similarly treated wild-type cells
• primary fibroblasts transfected with 100 ug/mL of DMXAA (a STING1 agonist) show significantly lower Ifnb1 mRNA levels than similarly treated wild-type fibroblasts
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• newborn pups intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with wild-type Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) show significantly higher splenic viral titers at 16 dpi than MLV-infected wild-type controls
• pups injected with MLVgGag (a mutant MLV with an unstable capsid) show higher splenic viral titers at 16 dpi than MLVgGag-infected wild-type controls; however, overall titers are lower than in pups infected with wild-type MLV
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homeostasis/metabolism
• BMDMs, fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) exhibit lower basal STING1 protein levels, with no change in Sting1 mRNA levels relative to wild-type cells
• ISD-transfected BMDMs and BMDCs show lower total STING1, phospho-STING1, and phospho-TBK1 protein levels than similarly transfected wild-type cells
• DMXAA-treated primary fibroblasts and macrophages show lower protein levels of both total and phospho-STING1
• untreated primary fibroblasts also show lower levels of endogenous STING1 protein by immunofluorescence microscopy
• ISD-treated fibroblasts stained with GM130 (a Golgi marker) or LAMP1 (a lysosomal marker) show less co-localization of STING1 in both compartments, with particularly low levels in the LAMP1+ lysosomal compartment
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