growth/size/body
N |
• body weights are similar to controls
|
adipose tissue
• multilocular lipid droplets
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• at thermoneutral temperatures but not following cold stimulation
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• multilocular lipid droplets in epididymal and inguinal WAT
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• at thermoneutral temperatures adipocytes are smaller with multilocular lipid droplets
• at cold temperatures the number of small and multilocular lipid droplets is greatly increased
|
• enhanced induction of beige adipocytes with increased lipolytic activities in cold-exposed mice
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• enhanced expression of thermogenic markers in inguinal WAT from cold exposed mice compared to similarly treated controls
|
cellular
• elevated mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates in mitochondria from inguinal WAT
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• in inguinal WAT from cold-exposed mice
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homeostasis/metabolism
• cold-exposed mice maintain higher body temperatures
• enhanced expression of thermogenic markers in inguinal WAT from cold exposed mice compared to similarly treated controls
|
• in the presence of the of CL-316,243, a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist
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• in the presence of the of CL-316,243, a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist
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• slightly but significantly higher mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates in adipocytes in the basal state and after isoproterenol stimulation
|
• in inguinal WAT from cold-exposed mice
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• appear to exhibit elevated whole-body enery expenditure metabolism parameters at room temperature
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• in both thermoneutral and cold-exposed conditions
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