behavior/neurological
• in the contextual fear conditioning test, mice are capable of associating the conditioning chamber with foot-shock in the initial training but they fail to retain the fear context memory in the following days of testing, indicating impaired hippocampal dependent cognitive function
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• mice show reduced spontaneous alternation in the Y maze, indicating a working memory dysfunction
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• in an acute stress test in which mice are placed into restraining tubes for 1 hour, mutants struggle more intensively for a long time and excrete more than wild-type mice
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• mice spend less time in the center region during an open field test, although the total distance traveled is similar to wild-type mice
• in the elevated plus maze test, mice spend less time in the open arm than wild-type mice, while the total travel distance is similar to wild-type mice
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• mice show a reduction of freezing time in the forced swim test indicating hyperactivity induced by acute stress
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• mice show a reduction in the startle response when stimulated at 100-120 dB
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• mice show a reduction of freezing time in the forced swim test indicating hyperactivity induced by acute stress
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homeostasis/metabolism
• mice show a much higher level of corticosterone after restraining in the acute stress test, indicating a hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response towards stress
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nervous system
• mice show a reduction in GABAergic synapse density, with a decrease of postsynaptic GABA(A) receptor gamma2 subunit and the scaffold protein gephyrin around cell soma in hippocampal regions and reduced parvalbumin+ and vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT)+ puncta number and size in the dentate granule cells and CA1/CA3 pyramidal cells
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• mice show a decrease of cFos-positive cells in the dentate gyrus and CA2/3 regions of the hippocampus after stress indicating impaired hippocampal activation toward acute stress
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• both the frequency and amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) are decreased in dentate granule cells indicating impaired GABAergic neurotransmission
• however, no change is seen in miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in dentate granule cells
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• in dentate granule cells
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• in dentate granule cells
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• pre-pulse inhibition is impaired
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
schizophrenia | DOID:5419 |
OMIM:181500 |
J:272181 |