cardiovascular system
N |
• mice show amelioration of the aortic valve stenosis seen in single Tnftm2Gkl heterozygotes, including a decrease of the leaflets surface area and reduction of fibrosis
|
skeleton
• mice show reduced clinical features of arthritis compared to single Tnftm2Gkl heterozygotes, with a reduction of pannus formation and cartilage/bone destruction
|
cellular
• valvular interstitial cells fail to become activated
• however, cultured valvular interstitial cells appear similar to wild-type cells and exhibit normal proliferation
|
• synovial fibroblast and valvular interstitial cell adhesion to a fibronectin substrate is reduced by almost 50% compared to the levels in single Tnftm2Gkl heterozygotes but is somewhat higher than in wild-type cells
|
• synovial fibroblasts fail to become activated
• however, cultured synovial fibroblasts appear similar to wild-type cells and exhibit normal proliferation
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• circulating TNF levels are elevated
|
• synovial fibroblasts and valvular interstitial cells show only 40-45% closure of a wound in culture compared to 70-80% closure in single Tnftm2Gkl heterozygotes and about 20% in wild-type cells
|
immune system
• circulating TNF levels are elevated
|
• levels of secreted TNF-alpha in supernatants of cultured synovial fibroblasts and valvular interstitial cells are elevated
|
• mice show reduced clinical features of arthritis compared to single Tnftm2Gkl heterozygotes, with a reduction of pannus formation and cartilage/bone destruction
|