behavior/neurological
N |
• no differences in emotional behavior are seen in the open field test, elevated plus maze, dark-light box test or forced swim test
• mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress for 3 weeks show similar physiological and neuroendocrine changes as control mice
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• mice exhibit altered sleep and attenuated quality of sleep
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• only a small amount of deep non-REM sleep is detected in mice, suggesting a shallower non-REM sleep stage
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• slow-wave activity during non-REM sleep, measuring the depth of non-REM sleep, is lower
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• mice show a higher number of episode entries to REM sleep during the light period, suggesting a stronger drive toward REM sleep and more fragmented sleep cycles
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• mice show a higher number of episode entries to REM sleep during the light period, suggesting a stronger drive toward REM sleep and more fragmented sleep cycles
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cellular
• mixed primary hippocampal cells show attenuated calcium uptake in response to BzATP stimulation
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