mortality/aging
• mice that are born alive die within a few days of birth
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• decreased ratios of homozygous embryos between E13 and E17 with few born
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growth/size/body
• smaller than littermate controls at E13 and E17
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endocrine/exocrine glands
N |
• pancreatic branching morphogenesis appears similar to controls
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• outer cells of the branching end buds are significantly more columnar and tightly packed compared to controls at E13.5 resembling outer cells of wild-type buds at E11.5
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• at E13.5 glands show a severe inhibition of branching with most having only a single bud
• glands cultured for 40h fail to branch much further unlike controls where bud numbers increase approximately nine-fold
• at E13.5 migration of outer bud cells is significantly slower compared to controls
• at E13.5 minimal basement membrane indentations form but fail to develop into true clefts unlike in controls
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• at E17.5, the few surviving embryos have very small glands
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respiratory system
• decreased branching morphogenesis in cultured lungs from E13.5 embryos
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renal/urinary system
• decreased branching morphogenesis in cultured kidneys from E13.5 embryos
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cellular
• at E13.5 migration of outer bud cells, but not inner bud cells, is significantly slower compared to controls
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digestive/alimentary system
• outer cells of the branching end buds are significantly more columnar and tightly packed compared to controls at E13.5 resembling outer cells of wild-type buds at E11.5
|
• at E13.5 glands show a severe inhibition of branching with most having only a single bud
• glands cultured for 40h fail to branch much further unlike controls where bud numbers increase approximately nine-fold
• at E13.5 migration of outer bud cells is significantly slower compared to controls
• at E13.5 minimal basement membrane indentations form but fail to develop into true clefts unlike in controls
|
• at E17.5, the few surviving embryos have very small glands
|