endocrine/exocrine glands
• decreased beta-cell area relative to the whole pancreatic area (75%)
• no difference in the islet size
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• decreased beta-cell number/total islet cell number ratio (80%) after 2 weeks of age
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• beta-cells exist also in the most peripheral region of the islets after 2 weeks of age
• glucagonspositive alpha-cells are scattered in the central region after 2 weeks of age
• islets develop normally at birth
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• decreased insulin response to 11.2 mM glucose (47%)
• decreased insulin response to 20 mM KCl (75%)
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homeostasis/metabolism
• decreased insulin response to 11.2 mM glucose (47%)
• decreased insulin response to 20 mM KCl (75%)
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• decreased plasma insulin levels after glucose loading
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• significantly higher blood glucose levels in the glucose tolerance test
• no peripheral insulin resistance in the insulin tolerance test
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cellular
• significantly decreased pancreatic islet beta-cell proliferation activity
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