homeostasis/metabolism
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• under basal conditions, mice are overtly normal and show normal dimethylglyoxal concentrations in plasma, brain, and peripheral organs (liver, kidney, and pancreas) relative to wild-type controls
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• at 12 weeks after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment to induce type I diabetes, mice exhibit significantly lower brain dimethylglyoxal levels but no significant change in brain glyoxal and methylglyoxal levels relative to STZ-treated wild-type controls
• however, STZ-treated mice develop similar hyperglycemia and plasma dimethylglyoxal levels as STZ-treated wild-type controls
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• after induction of acute hyperglycemia by [13C6]-glucose injection followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to stimulate dimethylglyoxal production, mice exhibit a lower rise of unlabeled and [13C2]-dimethylglyoxal in the ischemic ipsilateral side of the brain than similarly treated wild-type controls
• however, the stroke-induced rise of labeled dimethylglyoxal in plasma or of methylglyoxal and glyoxal in plasma or brain is not significantly altered and mice show similar infarct volumes and mean occludin intensity in the ipsilateral hemisphere as wild-type controls 48 hours after MCAO
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nervous system
• following dimethylglyoxal administration, acutely hyperglycemic mice show significantly lower brain levels of the Nepsilon-3-hydroxy-2-butanonelysine (HBL) adduct, a reaction product of dimethylglyoxal and lysine, than wild-type controls
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• after induction of acute hyperglycemia by [13C6]-glucose injection followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to stimulate dimethylglyoxal production, mice exhibit a lower rise of unlabeled and [13C2]-dimethylglyoxal in the ischemic ipsilateral side of the brain than similarly treated wild-type controls
• however, the stroke-induced rise of labeled dimethylglyoxal in plasma or of methylglyoxal and glyoxal in plasma or brain is not significantly altered and mice show similar infarct volumes and mean occludin intensity in the ipsilateral hemisphere as wild-type controls 48 hours after MCAO
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