homeostasis/metabolism
• mice exhibit 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK) levels that are more than 70 times the levels in wild-type or heterozygous mice
• however, NAD(H) levels are normal
|
cellular
• all embryos (heterozygotes and homozygotes) from homozygous female mice fed a niacin-free diet and mated with heterozygous males die
• embryos from homozygous female mice fed a niacin-free diet supplemented with 5 mg nicotinic acid per liter of drinking water between E7.5 and E12.5 show better sustained embryogenesis with some live null embryos present and when supplemented with 10 or 15 mg nicotinic acid per liter of drinking water, mostly all embryos are normal
|
cardiovascular system
• heart defects are seen in homozygous embryos from homozygous female mice fed a niacin-free diet supplemented with nicotinic acid between E7.5 and E12.5
|
craniofacial
cleft palate
(
J:272339
)
• cleft palate is seen in homozygous embryos from homozygous female mice fed a niacin-free diet supplemented with nicotinic acid between E7.5 and E12.5
|
digestive/alimentary system
cleft palate
(
J:272339
)
• cleft palate is seen in homozygous embryos from homozygous female mice fed a niacin-free diet supplemented with nicotinic acid between E7.5 and E12.5
|
embryo
• caudal agenesis is seen in homozygous embryos from homozygous female mice fed a niacin-free diet supplemented with nicotinic acid between E7.5 and E12.5
|
growth/size/body
cleft palate
(
J:272339
)
• cleft palate is seen in homozygous embryos from homozygous female mice fed a niacin-free diet supplemented with nicotinic acid between E7.5 and E12.5
|
limbs/digits/tail
syndactyly
(
J:272339
)
• syndactyly is seen in homozygous embryos from homozygous female mice fed a niacin-free diet supplemented with nicotinic acid between E7.5 and E12.5
|
• talipes is seen in homozygous embryos from homozygous female mice fed a niacin-free diet supplemented with nicotinic acid between E7.5 and E12.5
|
renal/urinary system
small kidney
(
J:272339
)
• small kidney is seen in homozygous embryos from homozygous female mice fed a niacin-free diet supplemented with nicotinic acid between E7.5 and E12.5
• litters from homozygous females fed a niacin-free diet supplement with 10 mg of nicotinic acid per liter are normal, except that kidneys of homozygous embryos are smaller than those of heterozygous control embryos
|
skeleton
• homozygous embryos from homozygous female mice fed a niacin-free diet supplemented with nicotinic acid between E7.5 and E12.5 exhibit multiple defects in vertebral segmentation
|