growth/size/body
• mice show extreme leanness
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• decrease in body weight already at weaning
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• mice fed a high-fat diet are protected from obesity and diabetes
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adipose tissue
behavior/neurological
• hypophagia
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homeostasis/metabolism
• mice fed a high-fat diet are protected from obesity and diabetes
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• decrease in leptin levels in mice fed normal chow or a high-fat diet
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• mice show a reduction in energy expenditure
• however, reduction in energy expenditure normalizes after feeding a high-fat diet
• however, no difference in respiratory exchange ratio is seen and heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and thyroid hormone axis are unaffected
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nervous system
• activity of agouti-related neuropeptide (AgRP+) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is lower as indicated by decreased firing frequency and resting membrane potential
• an overnight fast has no effect on activity of AgRP+ neurons compared to wild-type neurons which show increased activity
• ghrelin shows a decreased ability to activate AgRP+ neurons
• paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) neurons show increased firing rate and resting membrane potential
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