behavior/neurological
• mice exhibit a defect in working spatial memory when assessed using rewarded alternation in the T-maze
• however, mice exhibit normal anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated-plus maze and open field and no defects in motor coordination on the rotarod
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cellular
• endosome to lysosome trafficking is compromised
• however, lysosomal function is not affected
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• reduction in the initial pool of autophagosomes
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• mice exhibit a mild defect in cortical neuronal migration, most noticeable at E16.5
• however, laminal structure of the cortex is intact
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homeostasis/metabolism
• reduction in the initial pool of autophagosomes
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nervous system
• mice exhibit a mild defect in cortical neuronal migration, most noticeable at E16.5
• however, laminal structure of the cortex is intact
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• the pyramidal cell layer is fractured
• pyramidal cell layer shows a decrease in BrdU+ cells at E14.5
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• pyramidal neurons are ectopically displaced in the stratum oriens layer of the hippocampus, most prominently in the CA1 subfield
• neurons that form the ectopic layer are born at E12.5, E14.5 and E16.5
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• the stratum oriens layer contains ectopic pyramidal cells
• the stratum oriens exhibits a higher percentage of BrdU+ cells at E14.5
• however, the distribution of interneurons within the oriens layer and pyramidal cell layer is not altered
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• a decrease in dendritic complexity in ectopic CA1 pyramidal cell neurons that is not seen in correctly positioned neurons
• however, no differences are seen in spine density of pyramidal neurons
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