integument
• 10-16 week old mice exhibit increased transepidermal water loss associated with increased skin surface pH
• the cutaneous barrier defect precedes the development of the Th2/Th17 skin immune response
|
• mice exhibit Th2/Th17-mediated skin inflammation
• the cutaneous barrier defect precedes the development of the Th2/Th17 skin immune response
|
dermatitis
(
J:258435
)
• skin microenvironment displays several key hallmarks of the immunological features seen in nonlesional atopic dermatitis
|
• epidermis shows increased proportions of short-chain fatty acids (NS 24:0-26:0), increased content of the lysophosphatidylcholine species 16:0 and 18:0, the phsopatidylcholine species with C32 and C34, and long and very long chain sphingomyelin lipid species
|
• skin exhibits mild-to-severe epidermal hyperplasia
|
• slight, but significant, epidermal thinning at birth that is accentuated 5 days after birth
|
• mice exhibit transient dry and scaly skin in the first days after birth
• however, mice do not exhibit gross skin abnormalities or scratching behavior at 10-16 weeks of age
|
scaly skin
(
J:258435
)
• mice exhibit transient dry and scaly skin in the first days after birth
|
immune system
• the migration of skin-derived dendritic cells is increased, particularly migration of Langerhans cells and Langerin- dermal dendritic cells
• however, the number of Langerin+ dermal dendritic cells are not changed and numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells are borderline increased in skin draining lymph nodes
|
• all populations of skin dendritic cells are increased
|
• both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations are enlarged in the skin of mice, with a specific increase in dermal T cells
• percentages of IL-17A-producing alpha/beta dermal T lymphocytes are increased
|
• increase in numbers of effector memory T cells (in both the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets) in skin draining lymph nodes
|
• proportions of CD45+ cells are increased in the skin and involve all leukocyte populations (lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and granulocytes such as eosinophils)
• peripheral blood shows increased percentages of leukocytes
|
• percentages of IL-13-producing epidermal TCRgamma/delta+ T cells are enhanced in the skin
• peripheral blood shows increased percentages of TCRgamma/delta+ T cells and the percentage of IL-13-producing TCRgamma/delta+ T cells is enhanced in the blood
• however, IL-17A-producing gamma/delta T lymphocytes are not changed and production of IFN-gamma, IL-2,and IL-10 remains very low and unchanged in T lymphocytes
|
• both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations are enlarged in the skin of mice, with a specific increase in dermal T cells
|
• increase in basal levels of serum IgE
|
• 2.8-fold increase in levels of serum IgG1
|
• mice have slightly enlarged skin draining lymph nodes containing increased numbers of lymphocytes and activated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes
|
• humoral Th2 immune response is triggered in the epidermis associated with increased serum IgE
|
• secretion of IL-1beta is abolished in keratinocytes
|
• mice exhibit Th2/Th17-mediated skin inflammation
• the cutaneous barrier defect precedes the development of the Th2/Th17 skin immune response
|
dermatitis
(
J:258435
)
• skin microenvironment displays several key hallmarks of the immunological features seen in nonlesional atopic dermatitis
|
• type 2 innate lymphoid cells are increased in the skin
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• 10-16 week old mice exhibit increased transepidermal water loss associated with increased skin surface pH
• the cutaneous barrier defect precedes the development of the Th2/Th17 skin immune response
|
• skin surface pH is increased
|
• secretion of the growth factor GM-CSF is increased in keratinocytes
|
hematopoietic system
• the migration of skin-derived dendritic cells is increased, particularly migration of Langerhans cells and Langerin- dermal dendritic cells
• however, the number of Langerin+ dermal dendritic cells are not changed and numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells are borderline increased in skin draining lymph nodes
|
• all populations of skin dendritic cells are increased
|
• both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations are enlarged in the skin of mice, with a specific increase in dermal T cells
• percentages of IL-17A-producing alpha/beta dermal T lymphocytes are increased
|
• increase in numbers of effector memory T cells (in both the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets) in skin draining lymph nodes
|
• proportions of CD45+ cells are increased in the skin and involve all leukocyte populations (lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and granulocytes such as eosinophils)
• peripheral blood shows increased percentages of leukocytes
|
• percentages of IL-13-producing epidermal TCRgamma/delta+ T cells are enhanced in the skin
• peripheral blood shows increased percentages of TCRgamma/delta+ T cells and the percentage of IL-13-producing TCRgamma/delta+ T cells is enhanced in the blood
• however, IL-17A-producing gamma/delta T lymphocytes are not changed and production of IFN-gamma, IL-2,and IL-10 remains very low and unchanged in T lymphocytes
|
• both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations are enlarged in the skin of mice, with a specific increase in dermal T cells
|
• increase in basal levels of serum IgE
|
• 2.8-fold increase in levels of serum IgG1
|
cellular
• the migration of skin-derived dendritic cells is increased, particularly migration of Langerhans cells and Langerin- dermal dendritic cells
• however, the number of Langerin+ dermal dendritic cells are not changed and numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells are borderline increased in skin draining lymph nodes
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
atopic dermatitis | DOID:3310 |
OMIM:603165 OMIM:PS603165 |
J:258435 |