Analysis Tools
cellular
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• after stimulation with heat-killed and PI (propidium iodide)-labeled E. coli for 1 h, peritoneal macrophages endocytose significantly less E. coli than controls macrophages; endocytosed E. coli do not colocalize with Cav1, unlike in control macrophages
• 1 h after infection macrophages show significantly less endocytosis of viable E. coli or S. aureus than control macrophages, as measured by CFUs
• after incubation with Zymosan or latex beads, mean fluorescence intensity of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) is significantly lower than that of control macrophages
• upon LPS stimulation, % of surface TLR4 on BMDMs is significantly higher than that on control macrophages, indicating impaired LPS-activated endocytosis of TLR4
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immune system
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• after exposure to E. coli, the % of live E. coli counts to initially internalized counts is significantly higher than that in control macrophages, suggesting that bactericidal capacity of macrophages is impaired
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• serum IFN-beta levels are significantly reduced at 4 and 8 h after i.p. injection with E. coli
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• serum IL-6 levels are significantly reduced at 4 and 8 h after i.p. injection with E. coli
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• serum TNFalpha levels are significantly reduced at 4 and 8 h after i.p. injection with E. coli
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• upon E. coli or LPS challenge, mice show significantly reduced production of the inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IFN-beta, and IL-6 in serum relative to control mice
• upon E. coli or LPS stimulation, macrophages show deceased production of TNFalpha, IFN-beta, and IL-6 relative to control macrophages
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• mice are more susceptible to i.p. E. coli infection with significantly higher bacterial loads in spleen and liver, reduced production of TNFalpha, IFN-beta, and IL-6 in serum, and decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung relative to similarly infected control mice
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• after i.p. injection with E. coli, all mice die by 3 days after challenge whereas most control mice survive to 5 days post infection
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• serum IFN-beta levels are significantly reduced at 4 and 8 h after i.p. injection with E. coli
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• serum IL-6 levels are significantly reduced at 4 and 8 h after i.p. injection with E. coli
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• serum TNFalpha levels are significantly reduced at 4 and 8 h after i.p. injection with E. coli
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hematopoietic system
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• after exposure to E. coli, the % of live E. coli counts to initially internalized counts is significantly higher than that in control macrophages, suggesting that bactericidal capacity of macrophages is impaired
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mortality/aging
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• after i.p. injection with E. coli, all mice die by 3 days after challenge whereas most control mice survive to 5 days post infection
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