reproductive system
• first generation mice derived from homozygous breeding pairs are born at a lower average number per litter relative to wild-type controls
• however, mice derived from heterozygous crossings are born in normal Mendelian ratios and generally heathy up to 18 months of age
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growth/size/body
• surviving mice are significantly heavier than wild-type controls during the first 3 weeks and throughout the 16-week period of observation
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cardiovascular system
N |
• adult hearts are morphologically normal with a normal vascular network and no significant changes in wet and dry heart weights relative to wild-type controls
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• detached pericytes with rough body morphology and thick processes connecting to vessels are observed in cardiac vasculature; pericyte processes appear less organized and shorter and vascular coverage by NG2-expressing pericytes is significantly lower than that in wild-type hearts
• however, no vascular leakage is detected
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• at 17-18 weeks of age, males show a slight but significant elevation (+10.6%) in diastolic blood pressure relative to age-matched wild-type controls
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• at 17-18 weeks of age, males show a slight but significant elevation (+5.2%) in systolic blood pressure relative to age-matched wild-type controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
N |
• adult mice show normal glucose homeostasis, as determined by glucose and insulin tolerance tests
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• males, but not females, show a modest increase in serum Ca2+ concentrations relative to wild-type controls
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• males, but not females, show a modest decrease in serum Cl- concentrations relative to wild-type controls
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endocrine/exocrine glands
N |
• at 18 weeks of age, pancreas morphology is normal with no alterations in vascular density or pericyte coverage found in endocrine or exocrine tissue; a trend towards smaller pancreatic islets is observed but does not reach statistical significance
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