Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• female homozygotes exhibit normal fertility
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• H&E staining revealed flagellar formation defects at stages VI-VIII of spermatogenesis
• almost 100% of sperm display abnormal flagella by light microscopy
• SEM analysis revealed sperm flagella with short, coiled, bent, or other irregular shapes
• abnormal sperm flagellar morphology was confirmed by CASA
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• TEM analysis showed disorganized arrangement of outer dense fibers (ODFs) in the midpiece and absence of ODFs in the principal piece.
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• TEM analysis revealed an abnormal 9 + 2 structure (e.g. 6 + 2 structure) in the principal piece of numerous sperm tails
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• TEM analysis revealed displacement of the central microtubules (CPs) and outer dense fiber (ODFs) and absence and/or incorrect localization of the outer microtubule doublets (ODs) in the midpiece of most flagella
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• TEM analysis revealed the absence of ODs and ODFs in the principal piece
• an abnormal 9 + 2 structure (e.g. 6 + 2 structure) is observed in the principal piece of numerous sperm tails
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• bent sperm flagella
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• few spermatozoa (with aberrant flagella) are observed in cauda epididymis sections
• in epididymides and vas deferens, sperm concentration is significantly lower than in wild-type controls, as determined by CASA
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• sperm progressive motility is significantly reduced, as determined by CASA
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• sperm motility is significantly reduced, as determined by CASA; various sperm locomotion parameters, including curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), linearity (LIN), wobble (WOB=VAP/VCL), straightness (STR,=VSL/VAP), and beat-cross frequency (BCF) are all significantly reduced
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• epididymis size is significantly less than that of wild-type controls
• however, testis size and weight are normal
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• epididymis weight is significantly less than that of wild-type controls
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• male homozygotes are infertile
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cellular
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• H&E staining revealed flagellar formation defects at stages VI-VIII of spermatogenesis
• almost 100% of sperm display abnormal flagella by light microscopy
• SEM analysis revealed sperm flagella with short, coiled, bent, or other irregular shapes
• abnormal sperm flagellar morphology was confirmed by CASA
|
|
|
• TEM analysis showed disorganized arrangement of outer dense fibers (ODFs) in the midpiece and absence of ODFs in the principal piece.
|
|
|
• TEM analysis revealed an abnormal 9 + 2 structure (e.g. 6 + 2 structure) in the principal piece of numerous sperm tails
|
|
|
• TEM analysis revealed displacement of the central microtubules (CPs) and outer dense fiber (ODFs) and absence and/or incorrect localization of the outer microtubule doublets (ODs) in the midpiece of most flagella
|
|
|
• TEM analysis revealed the absence of ODs and ODFs in the principal piece
• an abnormal 9 + 2 structure (e.g. 6 + 2 structure) is observed in the principal piece of numerous sperm tails
|
|
|
• bent sperm flagella
|
|
|
• few spermatozoa (with aberrant flagella) are observed in cauda epididymis sections
• in epididymides and vas deferens, sperm concentration is significantly lower than in wild-type controls, as determined by CASA
|
|
|
• sperm progressive motility is significantly reduced, as determined by CASA
|
|
|
• sperm motility is significantly reduced, as determined by CASA; various sperm locomotion parameters, including curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), linearity (LIN), wobble (WOB=VAP/VCL), straightness (STR,=VSL/VAP), and beat-cross frequency (BCF) are all significantly reduced
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