mortality/aging
• homozygous mutant embryos die between E9.5 and E11.5
• some embryos are already dead or dying at E9.5; all embryos are found dead and at varying stages of resorption at E11.5
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embryo
• embryos found alive at E9.5 exhibit a developmental delay with retention of dorsal curvature, resembling wild-type E8.5 embryos, and adherent fetal membranes
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• embryos are smaller in size by E8.5; those found alive at E9.5 are also smaller
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• at E9.5, the fetal placenta is much thinner and disorganized
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• at E9.5, organization of trophoblast giant cells is poor
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• at E9.5, organization of spongiotrophoblasts is poor
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• at E9.5, fetal blood spaces in labyrinth are not evident
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• at E9.5, maternal blood spaces are not evident
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• at E9.5, organization of the labyrinthine layer of the fetal part of placenta is poor
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growth/size/body
• embryos found alive at E9.5 exhibit a developmental delay with retention of dorsal curvature, resembling wild-type E8.5 embryos, and adherent fetal membranes
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• embryos are smaller in size by E8.5; those found alive at E9.5 are also smaller
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integument