cardiovascular system
• the percentage of endocardial cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) in atrioventricular cushions is reduced at E9.25 but is increased at later stages (E9.5 and E10.5)
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• hypocellular atrioventricular cushion at E9.25 is caused by reduced mesenchyme formation, with the number of mesenchymal cells in atrioventricular cushions reduced to about 30% of the control level at the initial stage of cushion mesenchymal cell formation (about E9.5)
• however, by E10.5, this difference in number of mesenchymal cells is no longer seen, no morphological defect is seen in adult valves and echocardiography analysis does not show any functional abnormalities in the atrioventricular valves
• the number of mesenchymal cells formed from atrioventricular cushion explants is reduced
• expression of Sema6C is increased in atrioventricular cushions, in both endocardial and mesenchymal cells, starting from E9.5
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