cellular
• gap at midpiece-principal piece junction
|
• mitochondria concentration at end of sheath
|
• significantly shorter
|
• kinked at midpiece-principal piece junction in around 96% of sperm
|
• fewer spermatozoa in epididymis
|
• spermatozoa swim with heads facing backwards and with twisting tails
• reduced motility, amplitude of lateral head movement, beat-cross frequency, and average path, curvilinear and straight-line velocity
|
reproductive system
N |
• normal overall testis morphology
|
• gap at midpiece-principal piece junction
|
• mitochondria concentration at end of sheath
|
• significantly shorter
|
• kinked at midpiece-principal piece junction in around 96% of sperm
|
• fewer spermatozoa in epididymis
|
• spermatozoa swim with heads facing backwards and with twisting tails
• reduced motility, amplitude of lateral head movement, beat-cross frequency, and average path, curvilinear and straight-line velocity
|
• when mated to wild-type females
|