growth/size/body
• mice show slightly reduced body weight
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homeostasis/metabolism
• pancreatic islets show decreased insulin secretion in response to glucose, potassium, or forskolin with gluocose, but not in response to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate with glucose
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• mice exhibit higher blood glucose levels after a glucose load indicating glucose intolerance
• however, insulin sensitivity is not altered
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• insulin granules are diffusely distributed in the perinuclear cytoplasm in islets instead of being polarized close to the cell edges as in wild-type islets
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• beta-cells have a lower number of granules that close to the plasma membrane
• however, they still exhibit granules directly attached to the plasma membrane
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• pancreatic islets show decreased insulin secretion in response to glucose, potassium, or forskolin with gluocose, but not in response to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate with glucose
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