immune system
• increased number of Iba1-labeled activated microglia in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gurus (DG) areas after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) LPS administration
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• increased Il1b mRNA levels in the hippocampus after i.c.v. LPS administration
• increased IL-1beta protein levels in primary microglial cells after LPS administration for 24 h
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• increased Tnf mRNA levels in the hippocampus after i.c.v. LPS administration
• increased TNF protein levels in primary microglial cells after LPS administration for 24 h
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• increased mRNA expression of proinflammatory factors (Tnf, Il1b, Nos2 and Ptgs2) in the hippocampus after i.c.v. LPS administration
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nervous system
• increased number of Iba1-labeled activated microglia in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gurus (DG) areas after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) LPS administration
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• decreased number of NeuN-labeled intact neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gurus (DG) areas after i.c.v. LPS administration
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homeostasis/metabolism
• increased Nos2 (nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible; aka iNOS) and Ptgs2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; aka cyclooxygenase-2, Cox2) mRNA levels in the hippocampus following i.c.v. LPS administration
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behavior/neurological
N |
• no alterations in spontaneous locomotor activity (total moving distance) in the open field test 7 days after i.c.v. LPS administration at 2 months of age
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• mice exhibit severe deficits in spatial memory formation after i.c.v. LPS administration
• in the Morris water maze test, the escape latency on training day 3, 4 and 5 is longer in LPS-treated mice relative to that in LPS-treated controls; in the probe test, LPS-treated mice show a reduced number of platform-site crossings, travel a shorter distance and spend less time in the target quadrant than LPS-treated controls
• in the Y-maze test, LPS-treated mice show a reduced number of alterations but no change in the total number of arm entries relative to LPS-treated controls
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hematopoietic system
• increased number of Iba1-labeled activated microglia in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gurus (DG) areas after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) LPS administration
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