mortality/aging
• mice survive to weaning age at less than the expected Mendelian ratio, with only 17.2% of homozygotes obtained at weaning
• however, adult mice are fertile and healthy with no differences in mortality
|
growth/size/body
• slightly increased fat content mainly in females
|
• decreased body mass mainly in females
|
• increased body weight in males only
|
• decreased body length in females
|
• increased absolute and normalized liver weight in the absence of pathological changes
|
• increased absolute and normalized spleen weight in the absence of pathological changes
|
behavior/neurological
• decreased food intake mainly in females
|
• decreased anxiety in the open field assay in females
|
• minor decrease in acoustic startle reactivity
|
• increased tail elevation at SHIRPA
|
• decreased rearing in both males and females
|
• decreased locomotor activity in the open field assay
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• trend towards increased creatinine values when fed ad libitum
|
• slightly decreased basal fasting glucose levels in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test
|
• slightly increased glucose levels in females after fasting
|
• subtle increase in non-HDL cholesterol levels after fasting
|
• slightly decreased non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels in females after fasting
|
• trend towards decreased triglyceride levels when fed ad libitum
|
• trend towards decreased plasma protein levels when fed ad libitum
|
• respiratory exchange ratio (RER) shifted towards lipid oxidation, mainly in females
|
• trend towards increased ALP activity
|
cardiovascular system
• volume of blood pumped with each beat is reduced, more often observed in females
|
• increased fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) volume, more often observed in females
|
• altered awake echocardiography features, including smaller left ventricle (reduced inner diameter and LV mass) increased fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF), and reduced stroke volume, more often observed in females
|
• mild decrease in PR interval duration, more often observed in females
|
• mild decrease in PQ interval duration, more often observed in females
|
hematopoietic system
• increased absolute and normalized spleen weight in the absence of pathological changes
|
• decreased RBC mainly in males
|
• increased MCH mainly in males
|
macrocytosis
(
J:279934
)
• mild macrocytosis with increased MCH and decreased RBC mainly in males
|
• increased WBC mainly in males
|
muscle
• increased fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) volume, more often observed in females
|
adipose tissue
• slightly increased fat content mainly in females
|
immune system
N |
• after induction of active autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), mice show normal EAE development with no differences in clinical disease onset, incidence or overall disease severity relative to wild-type controls
|
• increased absolute and normalized spleen weight in the absence of pathological changes
|
• increased WBC mainly in males
|
liver/biliary system
• increased absolute and normalized liver weight in the absence of pathological changes
|
nervous system
N |
• freshly isolated brain microvessels from healthy mice show normal expression levels of tight junction (TJ)-associated proteins (claudin-5, occludin and ZO-1) relative to wild-type controls, indicating normal composition and integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB) TJs
• mice show no differences in the amount of leakage of fibronectin or mouse IgG across the BBB under healthy or neuroinflammatory conditions (during EAE) relative to wild-type controls
|
skeleton
• significantly decreased BMC and bone content in females
|
• significantly decreased bone content in females
|
vision/eye
• significantly reduced axial eye length (distance between cornea and retina) in both males and females
|
• decreased retinal thickness in females
|
hearing/vestibular/ear
• slightly reduced hearing sensitivity at 24 kHz
|