mortality/aging
• embryos are seen at the expected Mendelian ratio at E10.5 but all embryos between E11.5 and E13.5 are dead and absorbed
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cardiovascular system
• some vessels exhibit reduced diameters in the head, trunk, and yolk sac at E10.5 but not E9.5
• however, marker analysis shows that endothelial cell differentiation and early development of the yolk sac vascular system appear normal
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embryo
• E10.5, but not E9.5, embryos are growth retarded
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growth/size/body
• E10.5, but not E9.5, embryos are growth retarded
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hematopoietic system
• E10.5 embryos exhibit an abnormally low number of blood cells in embryos or yolk sacs
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• the numbers of yolk sac erythrocytes are reduced at E9
• however, blood distribution in yolk sacs is similar to controls at E8.5 and the numbers of yolk sac erythrocytes are normal at E8.5
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• cell apoptosis of yolk sac erythrocytes is increased at E9 but not E8.5
• treatment with cyclosporine A decreases erythrocyte cell apoptosis
• mitochondrial membrane potentials of Ter119+ erythrocytes from E8.5 yolk sacs are slightly, but significantly, lower than in controls
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