reproductive system
N |
• normal flagellar beating
• no significant difference in testis weight
|
• in cauda epididymis spermatozoa
|
• in cauda epididymis spermatozoa
• absence of central microtubule pair (CP)
• disorganized outer dense fiber (ODF)
|
• disorganized outer dense fiber (ODF)
• absence of central microtubule pair (CP)
• in cauda epididymis spermatozoa
|
• significantly reduced curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), and average-path velocity (VAP)
|
• higher rate of immotility
• significantly reduced curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), and average-path velocity (VAP)
|
• significantly fewer litters and reduced litter size during 3 months mating with WT females
• significantly fewer two-cell embryos and blastocysts when using sperm in IVF experiments
|
cellular
• in cauda epididymis spermatozoa
|
• in cauda epididymis spermatozoa
• absence of central microtubule pair (CP)
• disorganized outer dense fiber (ODF)
|
• disorganized outer dense fiber (ODF)
• absence of central microtubule pair (CP)
• in cauda epididymis spermatozoa
|
• significantly reduced curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), and average-path velocity (VAP)
|
• higher rate of immotility
• significantly reduced curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), and average-path velocity (VAP)
|