reproductive system
N |
• homozygous null females exhibit no significant alterations in ovarian follicle or corpora lutea formation, ratio of non-surrounded nucleolus (NSN)-type and surrounded nucleolus (SN)-type in fully grown oocytes, or number of metaphase II (MII) oocytes recovered after superovulation
• homozygous null males exhibit normal fertility after mating for three months
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• oocytes isolated from homozygous null females exhibit disordered organelle distribution: the ER and mitochondria are localized around both the nucleus and cortical region at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, become concentrated in the subcortical region after GV breakdown (GVBD), and are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm at the MII stage
• GV and MII oocytes show reduced expression of acetylated alpha-tubulin; however, trichostatin A (TSA) treatment does not restore organelle distribution in these oocytes
• oocytes exhibit longer astral-like spindle microtubules (MTs) following GVBD; however, nocodazole treatment does not dramatically affect the subcortical distribution of organelles in 64% of these oocytes after GVBD
• cytoplasmic lattices are largely absent in oocytes; however, the subcortical maternal complex is not affected
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• homozygous null females produce fewer pups than wild-type females
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• litter size is significantly reduced when homozygous null females are crossed to wild-type males for three successive months
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cellular
• oocytes isolated from homozygous null females exhibit disordered organelle distribution: the ER and mitochondria are localized around both the nucleus and cortical region at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, become concentrated in the subcortical region after GV breakdown (GVBD), and are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm at the MII stage
• GV and MII oocytes show reduced expression of acetylated alpha-tubulin; however, trichostatin A (TSA) treatment does not restore organelle distribution in these oocytes
• oocytes exhibit longer astral-like spindle microtubules (MTs) following GVBD; however, nocodazole treatment does not dramatically affect the subcortical distribution of organelles in 64% of these oocytes after GVBD
• cytoplasmic lattices are largely absent in oocytes; however, the subcortical maternal complex is not affected
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• most preimplantation embryos recovered from homozygous null females exhibit a delay in morula compaction and blastocyst cavitation, with no changes in the total number of embryos at E2.5 and E3.5; similar developmental delays are observed when 2-cell embryos from homozygous null females are cultured in vitro
• zygotes isolated from homozygous null females exhibit disordered organelle distribution: the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are found to be concentrated around male and female pronucleus (as expected), but also aggregated in the subcortical region
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