cellular
• locus is maternally imprinted with no gene expression detectable in mice that have paternally inherited the mutant allele
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• primary islets from mice with the paternally inherited allele exhibit reduced mature insulin content and proinsulin content, indicating a defect in insulin storage
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• beta cells from mice with the paternally inherited allele show a reduction of mature insulin-containing dense core secretory granules, and an increased proportion of partially filled, or empty granules
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• males with the paternally inherited allele exhibit impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, with complete absence of an increase from basal insulin levels
• pancreatic beta cells from mice with the paternally inherited allele show a smaller increase in insulin secretion with high glucose compared to wild-type cells
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homeostasis/metabolism
• males with the paternally inherited allele exhibit impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, with complete absence of an increase from basal insulin levels
• pancreatic beta cells from mice with the paternally inherited allele show a smaller increase in insulin secretion with high glucose compared to wild-type cells
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• males with the paternally inherited allele exhibit basal hyperinsulinemia
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growth/size/body
N |
• males with the paternally inherited allele show unaltered body weight
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behavior/neurological
N |
• males with the paternally inherited allele show unaltered feeding behavior
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