cardiovascular system
• increased left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole (LVIDd) and at systole (LVIDs)
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• decreased ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS)
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cellular
homeostasis/metabolism
• increased resting intracellular Ca2+ level in cardiomyocytes
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muscle
• decreased ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS)
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