behavior/neurological
• reduced motor coordination in balance beam and vertical pole tests at age 6 months, progressively worse (balance beam) at 14 months
• normal rotarod test performance and grip strength
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• slightly reduced motor coordination in balance beam and vertical pole tests
• normal rotarod test performance
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cellular
• accumulation of lysosomal membrane structures in axon initial segment (AIS) of whisker motor neurons owing to impaired retrograde transport (failure of lysosomes to enter soma)
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• reduced autophagosome turnover in cultured motor neuron axons
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craniofacial
• reduced eye blink reflex response at ages 6 and 14 months
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nervous system
N |
• normal number of motor neurons in facial motor nucleus (FMN) at age 22 weeks
• no signs of microgliosis or astrogliosis in FMN at age 4 months
• no vacuolization of peripheral facial nerve and normal myelination at age 5 months
• normal number of mitochondria and synaptic vessels in of peripheral facial nerve and compact facial nerve neuromuscular junctions (NMJs)
• normal orbicularis oculi muscle NMJs at age 8-10 weeks
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• vacuolization in spinal cord motor neurons in histological sections
• vacuoles in 28% of in vitro cultured spinal cord motor neurons after 5 days, mostly in soma
• shorter axons in cultured spinal cord motor neurons
• normal number and length of dendrites in cultured spinal cord motor neurons
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• shorter axons in cultured spinal cord motor neurons
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• accumulation of lysosomal membrane structures in AIS
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• significantly increased number of partially, and some fully, denervated orbicularis oculi muscle NMJs at age 6 months
• normal orbicularis oculi muscle NMJs at age 8-10 weeks
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• spongiform vacuolization of selected brain areas (facial motor nucleus (FMN), subregions of thalamus, trigeminal motor nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus) and anterior horn of spinal cord at age 10 weeks
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vision/eye
• reduced eye blink reflex response at ages 6 and 14 months
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homeostasis/metabolism
• reduced autophagosome turnover in cultured motor neuron axons
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integument
• impaired whisker movement control at ages 6 and 14 months
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muscle
• reduced eye blink reflex response at ages 6 and 14 months
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embryo
N |
• mice born at normal Mendelian ratio
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growth/size/body
N |
• normal weight
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• reduced eye blink reflex response at ages 6 and 14 months
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