Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct is impaired, with almost no sperm seen in the colliculus of the utero-tubal junction even 2 hours after copulation, although sperm is present in the nearby uterine lumen
• the mature form of ADAM3 is reduced or almost absent in mutant sperm and almost no ADAM3 precursor is detected in elongated spermatids of S13-16 stage
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• males are infertile
• however, on reaching sexual maturity, males exhibit normal body weight and testes size, no differences in sperm densities in the cauda epididymis, no morphological differences in testes, cauda epididymis, or sperm, normal spermatogenesis and sperm morphology, and normal sperm acrosome reaction
• females are fertile
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• in vivo fertilization shows that fertilization rate of mutant sperm is almost zero
• sperm shows poor zona-binding ability when incubated with cumulus-free eggs
• however, sperm are capable of fertilizing both cumulus-intact oocytes and cumulus-free oocytes normally in in vitro fertilization assays
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cellular
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• sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct is impaired, with almost no sperm seen in the colliculus of the utero-tubal junction even 2 hours after copulation, although sperm is present in the nearby uterine lumen
• the mature form of ADAM3 is reduced or almost absent in mutant sperm and almost no ADAM3 precursor is detected in elongated spermatids of S13-16 stage
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