homeostasis/metabolism
• mice subjected to aortic banding develop enhanced cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac inflammation, and accelerated cardiac dysfunction
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• cardiomyocytes stimulated with angiotensin II show increased expression of TNF-alpha
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• cardiomyocytes stimulated with angiotensin II show higher expression levels of TGF-beta1
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cardiovascular system
• mice subjected to aortic banding exhibit accelerated cardiac hypertrophy compared to controls and show enhanced expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers
• mice subjected to aortic banding exhibit a higher ratio of heart weight to body weight compared to controls
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• mice subjected to aortic banding exhibit enhanced collagen accumulation and enhanced expression of fibrosis markers
• cardiomyocytes stimulated with angiotensin II show exacerbated fibrosis compared to control cardiomyocytes
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• mice subjected to aortic banding show decreased left ventricle ejection fraction and left ventricle fractional shortening
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• mice subjected to aortic banding develop enhanced cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac inflammation, and accelerated cardiac dysfunction
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• marker analysis indicates that aortic banding-induced inflammation is aggravated in mutants
• cardiomyocytes stimulated with angiotensin II show increased expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and p-NF-kappaB
• pre-treatment with Pirfenidone, a TGF-beta1 inhibitor, diminishes the angiotensin II-induced expression of TGF-beta1, p-NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta
• treatment of cardiomyocytes with BAY 11-7082, a suppressor of NF-kappaB activation, diminishes the angiotensin II-induced expression of p-NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta
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growth/size/body
• mice subjected to aortic banding exhibit accelerated cardiac hypertrophy compared to controls and show enhanced expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers
• mice subjected to aortic banding exhibit a higher ratio of heart weight to body weight compared to controls
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immune system
• marker analysis indicates that aortic banding-induced inflammation is aggravated in mutants
• cardiomyocytes stimulated with angiotensin II show increased expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and p-NF-kappaB
• pre-treatment with Pirfenidone, a TGF-beta1 inhibitor, diminishes the angiotensin II-induced expression of TGF-beta1, p-NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta
• treatment of cardiomyocytes with BAY 11-7082, a suppressor of NF-kappaB activation, diminishes the angiotensin II-induced expression of p-NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta
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• cardiomyocytes stimulated with angiotensin II show increased expression of TNF-alpha
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muscle
• mice subjected to aortic banding show decreased left ventricle ejection fraction and left ventricle fractional shortening
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