reproductive system
• flagellar curvature is more than 3 times higher than in wild-type cells
|
• with decreased curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, and average path velocity
• asymmetrical flagella beating, premature hyperactivation, and circular swimming paths
|
• in vitro fertilization using double null sperm is one fourth of wild-type sperm
|
nervous system
N |
• mice exhibit normal ependymal cilia morphology and function with no sign of hydrocephaly
|
renal/urinary system
N |
• mice exhibit normal primary cilia from kidney collecting tubules with no polycystic kidneys
|
respiratory system
N |
• mice exhibit normal trachea cilia
|
cellular
• flagellar curvature is more than 3 times higher than in wild-type cells
|
• with decreased curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, and average path velocity
• asymmetrical flagella beating, premature hyperactivation, and circular swimming paths
|