Analysis Tools
behavior/neurological
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• in novel location recognition, mice spend much less time exploring the object that had been moved to a different location, suggesting impaired spatial memory
• however, mice behave normally in novel object recognition
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• in the elevated plus maze, mice spend slightly more time in the open arms, although the amount of time spent in the closed arms is not different, indicating that mice are slightly anxiolytic
• in the marble burying test, mice bury fewer marbles than wild-type mice
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• moving distances are longer in the open field
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• in the 3-chamber test, the preference to interact with stranger 1 is not higher than that of the object indicating reduced sociability
• treatment with D-cycloserine, a co-agonist of NMDAR, improves social interaction in the reciprocal social interaction test to wild-type levels
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• in the reciprocal social interaction test, mice spend less time interacting with a stranger and exhibit reduced head-to-body interactions with the stranger mouse
• however, head-to-head interactions and head-to-anogenital interactions with the stranger mouse are similar to wild-type mice
• in the second session of the 3-chamber test, mice show no preference for stranger 2 compared to stranger 1, indicating defective novelty preference
• zinc supplementation ameliorates the social deficits in the reciprocal social interaction test, with mice spending significantly longer interacting with the unfamiliar mouse; upon discontinuation of zinc, mice show reduced social interactions again
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homeostasis/metabolism
nervous system
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• numbers of C-FOS+ cells are reduced at the dorsal hippocampus, especially dorsal CA1 and dorsal CA3, and basolateral amygdala
• however, no differences are seen in C-FOS+ neurons in the ventral hippocampus
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• molecular composition of synapses is altered
• zinc supplementation enhances the synaptic expression of a subset of proteins
• however, zinc supplementation does not alter synaptic number or morphology
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• mice show defects in length and thickness of postsynaptic density in all regions of dorsal hippocampus, including dorsal CA1, dorsal CA3, and dorsal dentate gyrus
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• mice show defects in the number of presynaptic vesicles and the ratio of vesicle number to postsynaptic density length in all regions of dorsal hippocampus, including dorsal CA1, dorsal CA3, and dorsal dentate gyrus
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