mortality/aging
• although homozygous mutant mice are identified up to E18.5, no viable births are obtained from heterozygous intercrosses
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growth/size/body
• at E18.5, fetuses are significantly smaller than heterozygous or wild-type controls
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• at E18.5
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• intrauterine growth restriction
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embryo
• at E12.5, maternal vessel area (%) is significantly decreased whereas fetal vessel area (%) is unaffected
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• branching of the maternal blood sinus in the labyrinth area is significantly reduced
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• placenta is thinner in the labyrinth area
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cardiovascular system
• at E12.5, maternal vessel area (%) is significantly decreased whereas fetal vessel area (%) is unaffected
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cellular
N |
• mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit normal proliferation potential relative to wild-type MEFs
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• MEFs exhibit decreased cell migration and cell invasion in Boyden chamber transwell assays
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